In this article, we will look at the following issues:
- what is a papilloma;
- what is the reason for their formation.
- if they are more common in men and women;
- typical papillomas.
Papillomas are benign neoplasms localized to the skin, mucous membranes. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted in a variety of ways. The appearance of the formations depends on the type of virus that caused them.
Transmission paths
Transmits the human papilloma virus:
- During sexual intercourse, including anal, oral, and genital.
- Household. The microorganism is able to exist on personal belongings, personal hygiene items, infected towels. It easily penetrates through skin scratches and abrasions.
- during childbirth from mother to child.
Auto-infection is possible if the virus is transmitted from one area of the body to another, usually during shaving, during hair removal.
The incubation period (the period from the onset of HPV to the onset of signs of pathology) ranges from several weeks to several years.
Papillomas on the body are most common in illness, pregnancy, alcohol use, psycho-emotional stress, hypothermia, accompanied by a decrease in immune protection. The frequency of these formations is the same for men and women.
Human Papilloma Virus: Types
Depending on the risk of oncological skin, mucosal papilloma viruses belong to the following groups:
- Low oncogenic risk (HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 72, 73, 40-44, 51, 61).
- Moderate oncogenic risk (HPV types 52, 56, 58, 30, 35, 45).
- High risk of developing malignancies (HPV types 50, 59, 16, 18, 64, 68, 70, 31, 33, 39).
Microorganisms with a low risk of cancer cause benign growths on the skin, mucous membranes.
Types of papillomas
Simple
They are also called vulgar, ordinary. Such growths are more commonly caused by HPV types 26-29, 77, 63, 41.
A tempting, burning sensation appears on any part of the body. Later, an increase in the spherical structure is noted, the surface of which gradually becomes rough. At first, the tumor is flesh-colored, then darkens. The size of the papilloma on the body is from 1 mm to cm
These innovations are unique, multiple. In the latter case, the daughter's small papillomas are located around the mother, forming the first, usually the largest of all.
Their localization is the back of the hands, fingers, the spaces between them, the chin area, the edges of the lips. There are the following papillomas on the neck. The child's knees are affected, as children are often searched, infected with minor skin lesions.
plantar
People with these formations are infected with HPV types 1, 2, 4. The growth is similar to dry skin, but it has several characteristic differences.
The skin pattern is stored on the skin, without the surface of the papillomas, the latter being smooth. The formation caused by the papilloma virus is painful, the discomfort is exacerbated by wearing squeezed shoes. There are black dots inside the papilloma that are not in the callus.
Neoplasms sometimes destroy themselves, this is more common in children. Sometimes small bubbles appear around the neoplasm. The latter turn into new papillomas over time.
Flat papillomas
Rounded, oblong, oval shape grows 1-2 millimeters above skin level. Flat papillomas are localized around the mouth, on the face and upper body. Sometimes papillomas form on the neck.
There are papilloma data for the right intestine, cervical girls, penis in men, rectum, near the anus. These formations are located in groups, merging with each other. Flat-body papillomas, sometimes slightly darker than the rest of the skin, are formed by 10, 49, 28 varieties of papillomavirus.
Thread
If people notice small papillomas on the neck, the most common growths are threads. The second name of the formations isacrochordus. The latter are caused by 2, 7 types of HPV.
At the initial stage, the papillomas on the neck look like small yellow seals, then the growths stretch, become rough, and become elongated, rounded, filamentous in shape. A distinctive feature of a similar papilloma on the neck is a thin leg.
Acrochordus is most common in men and women over 40 years of age. Growth also occurs on the upper eyelid, armpit, mammary gland, intimate area.
Specified
Data formation is calledwarts,is caused by 6, 11, 44, 42, 54, 51, 55, 89 types of human papilloma virus in women and men.
Warts are small, single, multiple growths of body color, localized on the female, male genitals around the anus. Vagina, labia minora, cervix are papillomas. In men, warts are located on the foreskin, the head of the penis, inside the urethra.
Some elements sometimes merge with each other, a tumor-like formation appears, which externally resembles a rooster's comb, cauliflower. New growths are characterized by very rapid growth, extensive damage can occur after a few hours.
Pathology has a repeated course. It is more severe with concomitant sexually transmitted infections of the genitourinary tract (eg chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis).
Warts that form on the cervix, especially in the cervical canal, are most dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth, followed by tissue breakdown and secondary infections.
Papillomas in the mouth, larynx
Their appearance is related to the activity of papillomaviruses 6, 7, 11, 72, 73, 57, 32. Formations are rounded formations on a thin or wide base. The mucous membranes around them are light pink, with no visible pathological changes. The surface of the plants is light pink, whitish
Neoplasmas are single, multiple, without pressure, they are painless. They are located at the bottom of the mouth, at the back of the tongue, in the hard, soft palate, in the laryngeal mucosa, ranging in size from 2 mm to 2 cm.
Overgrowth of the oral mucosa bleeds when it is bitten and darkens as it leaks. In the case of such a disease, the state of health does not deteriorate, the oral cavity opens freely.
When an adult has lumps on the soft palate, tonsils, glottis, there is a feeling of foreign body, cough, hoarseness. If the lesions become multiple, these symptoms are exacerbated.
In children, abnormal growths are often bilateral and are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Difficulty inhaling, exhaling after exercise, then with complete rest.
- Cough after running, playing too much.
- Choked attacks with laryngealstenosis(an abnormal narrowing that prevents air from entering the lower airways).
The appearance of externally distinct papillomas is associated with infection with different types of HPV. You should consult a doctor to remove neoplasms. This should be done as soon as possible if there are multiple papillomas, they increase rapidly, cause discomfort and are constantly injured.